Our work can be accessed via the links below or through ResearchGate (here).
 
For Google Scholar click here.
 
Scroll down to the bottom of the page to access book chapters, working papers and government reports.

 
Books
​​Friess & Lim. In progress. Let's Discover Mangroves! World Scientific​
 
Sidik & Friess (Eds). 2020. Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts. Elsevier. ISBN: 9780128164372.
 
Friess & Oliver. 2014. Dynamic Environments of Singapore. McGraw Hill. 193 pages. ISBN: 9789814575706.
 
​
Journal articles
2025
Goto, Goñi, Braun, Cifuentes-Jara, Friess, Howard, Klinger, Teav, Worthington, Busch. Accepted. Costs of restoring global mangrove forests. One Earth
 
Friess. In press. The diversity of mangrove forests and geographical biases in their research. Bulletin of Marine Science [download]
 
Chisholm, Fong, Friess, Rovai. In press. Inferring community assembly processes from mangrove species–area relationships. Oikos [download]

Quevedo, Miller, Gevaña, Marks, Friess, Tonoto, Taylor. In press. Perceptions of blue carbon ecosystems: a systematic review across geographical and sectoral dimensions. Ambio
 
Zhang, Luo, Friess, Li. In press. Global mangrove growth variability driven by climatic oscillation-induced sea-level fluctuations. Nature Geoscience
 
Krause, Cameron, Arias-Ortiz, Cifuentes Jara, Crooks, Dahl, Friess, Kennedy, Lim, Lovelock, Marbà, McGlathery, Oreska, Pidgeon, Serrano, Vanderklift, Wong, Yaakub, Fourqurean. 2025. Global seagrass carbon stock variability and emissions from at-risk seagrass loss. Nature Communications 16, 3798. [download]
 
zu Ermgassen, Worthington, Gair, Garnett, Mukherjee, Longley-Wood, Nagelkerken, Abrantes, Aburto-Oropeza, Acosta, Araujo, Baker, Barnett, Beitl, Benzeev, Brookes, Castellanos-Galindo, Chong, Connolly, Cunha-Lignon, Dahdouh-Guebas, Diele, Dwyer, Friess, Grove, Hoq, Huijbers, Hutchinson, Johnson, Johnson, Knight, Krumme, Kuguru, Lee, Lobo, Lugendo, Meynecke, Munga, Olds, Parrett, Reguero, Rönnbäck, Safryghin, Sheaves, Taylor, Mendonça, Waltham, Wolff, Spalding. 2025. Mangroves support an estimated annual abundance of over 700 billion juvenile fish and invertebrates. Communications Earth and Environment 6, 299. [download]
 
Canty, Cifuentes-Jara, Herrera-Silviera, Morrissette, Cissell, Acosta-Velázquez, Cherrington, Feller, Friess, Lefcheck, Simpson, Teutli-Hernandez. 2025. Implications of improved remote sensing capabilities on blue carbon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 319, 109275. [download]
 
Guo, Song, Chen, Zhang, Ye, Ding, Gou, Huang, Lv, Saintilan, Friess, Lin. 2025. Ecological connectivity between mangroves and seagrasses increases sediment blue carbon storage. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 318, 109231.
 
Nathan, Chua, Chong, Chan, Morgan, Switzer, Friess, Horton. 2025. Rapid mangrove sediment accretion in late-Holocene paleochannels of Singapore. The Holocene 35, 259-270.
 
Dahl, Lavery, Mazarrasa, Samper-Villreal, Adame, Crooks, Duarte, Friess, Krause-Jensen, Leiva-Duenas, Lovelock, Macreadie, Masque, Mateo, Serrano. 2025. Recommendations for strengthening Blue Carbon science. One Earth 8, 101175. [download]
 
Kwan, Friess, Sarira, Zeng. 2025. Permanence risks limit carbon financing strategies to safeguard Southeast Asian mangroves. Communications Earth and Environment 6, 57. [download]

Sasmito, Taillardat, Adinugroho, Krisnawati, Novita, Fatoyinbo, Friess, Page, Lovelock, Murdiyarso, Taylor, Lupascu. 2025. Half of land use carbon emissions in Southeast Asia can be mitigated through peat swamp forest and mangrove conservation and restoration. Nature Communications 16, 740. [download]
 
Yando, Alemu, Lim, Sloey, van Breugel, Bhatia, Friess. 2025. Edge effects impact blue carbon dynamics across coastal ecotones in a tropical seascape. Limnology and Oceanography 70, 54-67. [download]
 
Jiang, Zhang, Friess, Zhang, Dong, Xin, Li, Li, Li. 2025. Restoring mangroves lost by aquaculture offers large blue carbon benefits. One Earth ​8, 101149.
 
 
2024
Maxwell, Spalding, Friess, Murray, Rogers, Rovai, Smart, Weilguny, Adame, Adams, Copertino, Cott, de Paula Costa, Holmquist, Ladd, Lovelock, Ludwig, Mortisch, Navarro, Raw, Ruiz-Fernández, Serrano, Smeaton, Van de Broek, Windham-Myers, Landis, Worthington. 2024. Soil carbon in the world’s tidal marshes. Nature Communications 15, 10265. [download]

Gatt, Walton, Andradi-Brown, Spalding, Acosta-Velazquez, Adame, Barros, Beeston, Bernadino, Buelow, Cadier, Calzada Vazquez Vela, Canty, Dahdouh-Guebas, de Oliveira Gomes, Duncan, Eger, Enright, Frausto-Illescas, Friess, Glass, Grimsditch, Hagger, Hein, Herrera-Silveira, Hilarides, Howard, Hoyos-Santillan, Kandasamy, Kennedy, Kincaid, Kiprono, Lara-Dominguez, Mahajan, Mangubhai, Martin, Medard, Nájera Hillman, Nicolas, Nicolau, Nyaega, Paiz, Quarto, Ralifo, Randriamanantena, Rasolozaka, Ravelojaona, Robaigau, Rodríguez Rodríguez, Rog, Rovai, Saunders, Sievers, Song, Taylor, Teutli-Hernández, Thornton, Tuiwawa, Ulumuddin, Veverka, Videira, White, Wodehouse, Wosu, Yamashita, Zimmer, Worthington. 2024. The Mangrove Restoration Tracker Tool: meeting local practitioner needs and tracking progress of global targets. One Earth 7, 2072-2085. [download]

Carruthers, Jones, Terrell, Scheibly, Player, Black, Biber, Connolly, Crooks, Curole, Darnell, Dausman, DeJong, Doyle, Esposito, Friess, Fourqurean, Georgiou, Grimsditch, He, Hemmerling, Hillmann, Holm, Howard, Jung, Jupiter, Kiskaddon, Krauss, Lavery, Liu, Lovelock, Mack, Macreadie, McGlathery, Megonigal, Roberts, Settelmeyer, Staver, Stevens, Sutton-Grier, Villa, White, Waycott. 2024. Identifying and filling critical knowledge gaps can optimize financial viability of blue carbon projects in coastal wetlands. Frontiers in Environmental Science 12, 1421850. [download]
 
Jones, Arias-Ortiz, Baldocchi, Eagle, Friess, Gore, Noe, Nolte, Oikawa, Raw, Roberts, Rogers, Schutte, Stagg, Thorne, Ward, Yando. 2024. When and where can coastal wetland restoration increase carbon sequestration as a natural climate solution? Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures 2, e13. [download]
 
Sillanpää, Friess, Heatubun, Cragg, Alei, Rungul, Wahyudi, Hendri, Kalor, Purwanto, Marlessy, Yudha, Sidik, Murdiyarso, Lupascu. 2024. Mangrove management practices, policies and impacts in New Guinea. Biological Conservation 296, 110697.
 
Bardou, Friess, Gillespie, Cavanaugh. 2024. Assessing mangrove cover change in Madagascar (1972 to 2019): widespread mangrove deforestation is slowing down. Global Ecology and Conservation 53, e03022. [download]

Friess, Shribman, Stankovic, Iram, Baustian, Ewers-Lewis. 2024. Restoring blue carbon ecosystems. Cambridge Prisms: Coastal Futures 2, e9. [download]

Macreadie, Costa, Atwood, Friess, Kelleway, Kennedy, Lovelock, Serrano, Davey, Duarte. 2024. Blue carbon ecosystems: ocean heroes in the fight against climate change. Frontiers for Young Minds 12, 1319691. [download]
 
Hsiung, Ong, Teo, Friess, Todd, Swearer, Morris. 2024. Determinants of mangrove seedling survival incorporated within living shorelines. Ecological Engineering 202, 107235. [download]

Bhargava, Rahman, Ghosh, Friess. 2024. Variations in biophysical characteristics of mangroves along retreating and advancing shorelines. Science of the Total Environment 926, 171690. [download]

Adame, Cormier, Taillardat, Iram, Rovai, Sloey, Yando, Blanco-Libreros, Arnaud, Lovelock, Friess, Reithmaier, Buelow, Muhammad-Nor, Twilley, Ribeiro. 2024. Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: gains, transformations and losses. Ecosphere 15, e4806. [download]
 
Twomey, Nunez, Carr, Crooks, Friess, Glamore, Orr, Reef, Rogers, Waltham, Lovelock. 2024. Planning hydrological restoration of coastal wetlands: key considerations and solutions. Science of the Total Environment 915, 169881.
 
Friess, Lemos. 2024. The next phase of WIREs Climate Change. WIREs Climate Change 15, e875. [download]
 
Zhang, Luo, Friess, Wang, Li. 2024. Stronger increases but greater variability in global mangrove productivity compared to that of adjacent terrestrial forests. Nature Ecology and Evolution 8, 239-250. [download]
 
Piccolo, Brown, Friess, Lovelock, Brown, Buelow, Saunders. 2024. Feasibility of habitat restoration under multidisciplinary constraints. Ocean and Coastal Management 249, 106977.  [download]
 
 
2023
Teo, Tan, Sarira, de Alban, Zheng, Rachakonda, Chen, Lim, Zhao, Tang, Friess, Koh. 2023. Uncertainties in deforestation emission baseline methodologies and implications for carbon markets. Nature Communications 14, 8277. [download]
 
Friess. 2023. Global mangrove mapping has gone mainstream. Science Bulletin 68, 2145-2147. [download]
 
Stankovic, Mishra, Rahayu, Lefcheck, Murdiyarso, Friess, Corkalo, Vukovic, Vanderklift, Farooq, Gaitan-Espitia, Prathep. 2023. Blue carbon assessments of seagrass and mangrove ecosystems in South and Southeast Asia: current progress and knowledge gaps. Science of the Total Environment 904, 166618.
 
Krauss, Whelan, Kennedy, Friess, Rogers, Stewart, Grimes, Trench, Ogurcak, Toline, Ball, From. 2023. Framework for facilitating mangrove recovery after hurricanes on Caribbean islands. Restoration Ecology 31, e13885.
 
Friess. 2023. The potential of mangrove and seagrass blue carbon for Small Island States. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 64, 101324. [download]
 
Pham, Ha, Saintilan, Skidmore, Phan, Le, Viet, Takeuchi, Friess. 2023. Advances in earth observation and machine learning for quantifying blue carbon. Earth Science Reviews 243, 104501. [download]
 
Ahmed, Sarker, Friess, Kamruzzaman, Jacobs, Sillanpää, Naabeh, Pretzsch. 2023. Mangrove tree growth is size-dependent across a large-scale salinity gradient. Forest Ecology and Management 537, 120954. [download]
 
Malerba, Costa, Friess, Schuster, Young, Lagomasino, Serrano, Hickey, York, Rasheed, Lefcheck, Radford, Atwood, Ierodiaconou, Macreadie. 2023. Remote sensing for cost-effective blue carbon accounting. Earth Science Reviews 238, 104337. [download]
 
van Hespen, Hu, Borsje, De Dominicis, Friess, Jevrejeva, Kleinhans, Maza, van Bijsterveldt, Van der Stocken, van Wesenbeeck, Xie, Bouma. 2023. Mangrove forests as a nature-based solution for coastal flood protection: biophysical and ecological considerations. Water Science and Engineering 16, 1-13. [download]
 
Friess, Gatt, Fung, Alemu, Bhatia, Case, Chua, Huang, Kwan, Lim, Nathan, Ow, Saavedra-Hortua, Sloey, Yando, Ibrahim, Koh, Puah, Teo, Tun, Wong, Yaakub. 2023. Blue carbon science, management and policy across a tropical urban landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning 230, 104610. [download]
 
 
2022
Malerba, Friess, Peacock, Grinham, Taillardat, Rosentreter, Webb, Iram, Al-Haj, Macreadie. 2022. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions complicate the climate benefits of teal and blue carbon wetlands. One Earth 5, 1336-1341. [download]
 
Hagger, Worthington, Lovelock, Amano, Brown, Friess, Landis, Mumby, Morrison, O’Brien, Wilson, Zganjar, Saunders. 2022. Drivers of global mangrove loss and gain in social-ecological systems. Nature Communications 13, 6373. [download]
​
Dahdouh-Guebas, Friess, Lovelock, Connolly, Feller, Rogers, Cannicci. 2022. Cross-cutting themes for future mangrove forest research. Nature Plants 8, 1131-1135.
 
Ahmed, Sarker, Friess, Kamruzzaman, Jacobs, Islam, Alam, Suvo, Sani, Dey, Naabeh, Pretzsch. 2022. Salinity reduces site quality and mangrove forest functions. From monitoring to understanding. Science of the Total Environment 853, 158662. [download]
 
Friess, Howard, Huxham, Macreadie, Ross. 2022. Capitalizing on the global financial interest in blue carbon. PLoS Climate 1, 0000061. [download]
 
Zimmer, Ajonina, Amir, Cragg, Crooks, Dahdouh-Guebas, Duke, Fratini, Friess, Helfer, Huxham, Kathiresan, Kodikara, Koedam, Lee, Mangora, Primavera, Satyanarayana, Yong, Wodehouse. 2022. When nature needs a helping hand: different levels of human intervention for mangrove (re-)establishment. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 5, 784322. [download]
​
Saintilan, Kovalenko, Guntenspergen, Rogers, Lynch, Cahoon, Lovelock, Friess, Ashe, Krauss, Cormier, Spencer, Adams, Raw, Ibañez, Scarton, Temmerman, Meire, Maris, Thorne, Brazner, Chmura, Bowron, Gamage, Cressman, Endris, Marconi, Marcum, St Laurent, Reay, Raposa, Garwood, Khan. 2022. Constraints on the adjustment of tidal marshes to accelerating sea-level rise. Science 377, 523-527. [download]
 
Dencer-Brown, Shilland, Friess, Herr, Benson, Berry, Cifuentes-Jara, Colas, Damayanti, Garcia, Gavaldão, Grimsditch, Hejnowicz, Howard, Islam, Kennedy, Kivogu, Lang’at, Lovelock, Malleson, Macreadie, Medina, Mohamed, Pidgeon, Ramos, Rosette, Salim, Schoof, Talukder, Thomas, Vanderklift, Huxham. 2022. Integrating blue: how do we make Nationally Determined Contributions work for both blue carbon and local coastal communities? Ambio 51, 1978-1993. [download]
​
Friess, Adame, Adams, Lovelock. 2022. Mangrove forests under climate change in a 2°C world. WIREs Climate Change 13, e792 [download]

Friess, Gatt, Ahmad, Brown, Sidik, Wodehouse. 2022. Achieving ambitious mangrove restoration targets will need a transdisciplinary and evidence-informed approach. One Earth 5, 456-460. [download]
 
Macreadie, Robertson, Spinks, Adams, Atchison, Bell-James, Bryan, Chu, Filbee-Dexter, Drake, Duarte, Friess, Gonzalez, Grafton, Helmstedt, Kaebernick, Kelleway, Kendrick, Kennedy, Lovelock, Megonigal, Maher, Pidgeon, Rogers, Sturgiss, Trevathan-Tackett, Wartman, Wilson, Rogers. 2022. Operationalizing marketable blue carbon. One Earth 5, 485-492. [download]
​
Alemu, Puah, Friess. 2022. Shallow surface elevation changes in two tropical seagrass meadows. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 271, 107875.

Buelow, Connolly, Turschwell, Adame, Ahmadia, Andradi-Brown, Bunting, Canty, Dunic, Friess, Lee, Lovelock, McClure, Pearson, Sievers, Sousa, Worthington, Brown. 2020. Ambitious global targets for mangrove and seagrass recovery. Current Biology 32, 1641-1649. [download]
 
Bhargava, Friess. 2022. Previous shoreline dynamics determine future susceptibility to cyclone damage in the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Frontiers in Marine Science 9, 814577. [download]
 
Nguyen, Friess, Todd, Mazor, Lovelock, Lowe, Gilmour, Chou, Bhatia, Jaafar, Tun, Yaakub, Huang. 2022. Maximising resilience to sea-level rise in urban coastal ecosystems through systematic conservation planning. Landscape and Urban Planning 221, 104374. [download]
 
Alemu, Yaakub, Yando, Lau, Lim, Puah, Friess. 2022. Geomorphic gradients in shallow seagrass carbon stocks. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 265, 107681. [download]
 
 
2021
Macreadie, Costa, Atwood, Friess, Kelleway, Kennedy, Lovelock, Serrano, Duarte. 2021. Blue carbon as a natural climate solution. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2, 826-839.
 
Yando, Sloey, Dahdouh-Guebas, Rogers, Abuchahla, Cannicci, Canty, Jennerjahn, Ogurcak, Adams, Connolly, Diele, Lee, Rowntree, Sharma, Cavanaugh, Cormier, Feller, Fratini, Ouyang, Wee, Friess. 2021. Conceptualising ecosystem degradation using mangrove forests as a model system. Biological Conservation 263, 109355.
 
Lønborg, Müller, Butler, Shan, Ooi, Huong, Wong, Ali, Chun, Wee, Yando, Friess, Rosentreter, Eyre, Martin. 2021. Nutrient cycling in tropical and temperate coastal waters: is latitude making a difference? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 262, 107571. [download]
 
Sudmeier-Rieux, Arce-Mojica, Boehmer, Doswald, Emerton, Friess, Galvin, Hagenlocher, James, Laban, Lacambra, Lange, McAdoo, Moos, Mysiak, Nehren, Peduzzi, Renaud, Sandholz, Schreyers, Sebasvari, Tom, Triyanti, van Eijk, van Staveren, Vicarelli, Walz. 2021. Scientific evidence for ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction. Nature Sustainability 4, 803-810. [download]
 
Su, Friess, Gasparatos. 2021. A meta-analysis of the ecological and economic outcomes of mangrove restoration. Nature Communications 12, 5050. [download]
 
Mazor, Friess, Todd, Huang, Nguyen, Saunders, Runting, Lowe, Cartwright, Gilmour, Lovelock. 2021. Large conservation opportunities exist in >90% of tropic-subtropic coastal habitats adjacent to cities. One Earth 4, 1004-1015.
 
Gijsman, Horstman, van der Wal, Friess, Swales, Wijnberg. 2021. Nature-based engineering: a review on reducing coastal flood risk with mangroves. Frontiers in Marine Science 8, 702412. [download]
 
Mazor, Runting, Saunders, Huang, Friess, Nguyen, Lowe, Gilmour, Todd, Lovelock. 2021. Future-proofing conservation priorities for sea level rise in coastal urban ecosystems. Biological Conservation 260, 109190.
 
Adame, Connolly, Turschwell, Lovelock, Fatoyinbo, Lagomasino, Goldberg, Holdorf, Friess, Sasmito, Sanderman, Sievers, Buelow, Kauffman, Bryan-Brown, Brown. 2021. Future carbon emissions from global mangrove forest loss. Global Change Biology 27, 2856-2866. [download]
​
Zeng, Friess, Sarira, Siman, Koh. 2021. Global potential and financial limits of mangrove blue carbon for climate change mitigation. Current Biology 31, 1737-1743. [download] 
 
Rovai, Twilley, Castañeda-Moya, Midway, Friess, Trettin, Bukoski, Stovall, Pagliosa, Fonseca, Mackenzie, Aslan, Sasmito, Sillanpää, Cole, Purbopuspito, Warren, Murdiyarso, Mofu, Sharma, Pham, Riul. 2021. Macroecological patterns of forest structure and allometric scaling in mangrove forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography 30, 1000-1013.
 
Friess, Chua, Jaafar, Krauss, Yando. 2021. Mangroves and people: impacts and interactions. Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science 248, 107004.
 
Bhargava, Sarkar, Friess. 2021. A cloud computing-based approach to mapping mangrove erosion and progradation: case studies from the Sundarbans and French Guiana. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 248, 106798.
 
Lee, Tay, Ooi, Friess. 2021. Potential short wave attenuation function of disturbed mangroves. Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science 248, 106747.
 
Alemu, Richards, Gaw, Masoudi, Nathan, Friess. 2021. Identifying spatial patterns and interactions among multiple ecosystem services in an urban mangrove landscape. Ecological Indicators 121, 107042. [download] 
 
Friess, Dahdouh-Guebas, Behara, Cannicci, Chua, Duke, Feller, Jaafar, Jayatissa, Koedam, Krauss, Lee, Mancera, Ruwa, Vannini, Yando. 2021. Scientific contributions of the Mangrove Macrobenthos and Management (MMM) conference series, 2000-2019. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 248, 106742.
 
 
2020
Friess, Yando, Alemu, Wong, Soto, Bhatia. 2020. Ecosystem services and disservices of mangrove forests and salt marshes. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review 58, 107-142. [download]
 
Dahdouh-Guebas, Ajonina, Amir, Andradi-Brown, Aziz, Balke, Barbier, Cannicci, Cragg, Cunha Lignon, Curnick, Duarte, Duke, Endsor, Fratini, Feller, Fromard, Hugé, Huxham, Kairo, Kajita, Kathiresan, Koedam, Lee, Lin, Mangora, Marchand, Meziane, Minchinton, Pettorelli, Polanía, Polgar, Poti, Primavera, Quarto, Rog, Satyanarayana, Schaeffer-Novelli, Spalding, Van Der Stocken, Wodehouse, Yong, Zimmer, Friess. 2020. Perceptions of mangrove forests matter for their conservation. Frontiers in Marine Science 7, 603651. [download]
 
Winterwerp, Albers, Anthony, Van Bijsterveldt, Friess, Mancheño, Moseley, Muhari, Naipal, Noordermeer, Oost, Saengsupavanich, Tas, Tonneijk, Wilms, Van Eijk, Van Lavieren, Van Wesenbeeck. 2020. Managing erosion of mangrove-mud coasts with permeable dams – lessons learned. Ecological Engineering 158, 106078. [download]
 
Taillardat, Marchand, Friess, Widory, David, Ohte, Nakamura, Truong, Nguyen, Ziegler. 2020. Respective contribution of urban wastewaters and mangroves on nutrient dynamics in a tropical estuary during the monsoon season. Marine Pollution Bulletin 160, 111652.
 
Sievers, Chowdhury, Adame, Bhadury, Bhargava, Buelow, Friess, Ghosh, Hayes, McClure, Pearson, Turschwell, Worthington, Connolly. 2020. Indian Sundarbans mangrove forest considered Endangered under Red List of Ecosystems, but there is cause for optimism. Biological Conservation 251, 108751.
 
Worthington, Zu Ermgassen, Friess, Krauss, Lovelock, Thurley, Tingley, Woodroffe, Bunting, Cormier, Lagomasino, Lucas, Murray, Sutherland, Spalding. 2020. A global biophysical typology of mangroves and its relevance for ecosystem structure and deforestation. Scientific Reports 10, 14652. [download]
 
Zeng, Sarira, Carrasco, Chong, Friess, Lee, Taillardat, Worthington, Zhang, Koh. 2020. Economic and social constraints on reforestation for climate mitigation in Southeast Asia. Nature Climate Change 10, 842-844.
 
Friess, Krauss, Taillardat, Adame, Yando, Cameron, Sasmito, Sillanpää. 2020. Mangrove blue carbon in the face of deforestation, climate change and restoration. Annual Plant Reviews 3, 427-456.
 
Taillardat, Thompson, Garneau, Trottier, Friess. 2020. Climate change mitigation potential of wetlands and the cost-effectiveness of their restoration. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10, 20190129. [download]
 
Worthington, Andradi-Brown, Bhargava, Buelow, Bunting, Duncan, Fatoyinbo, Friess, Goldberg, Hilarides, Landis, Longley-Wood, Lovelock, Murray, Narayan, Rosenqvist, Sievers, Simard, Thomas, van Eijk, Zganjar, Spalding. 2020. Harnessing global big data to support the conservation and rehabilitation of mangrove forests. One Earth 2, 429-433. [download]
 
Ellison, Felson, Friess. 2020. Mangrove rehabilitation and restoration as experimental adaptive management. Frontiers in Marine Science 7, 327. [download]
 
Bryan-Brown, Connolly, Richards, Adame, Friess, Brown. 2020. Global trends in mangrove forest fragmentation. Scientific Reports 10, 7117. [download]
 
Sasmito, Sillanpää, Hayes, Bachri, Saragi-Sasmito, Sidik, Hanggara, Mofu, Simbiak, Hendri, Taberima, Suhaemi, Nugroho, Patisana, Widagti, Barakalla, Rahayu, Harantri, Nikijuluw, Yowey, Heatunubun, zu Ermgassen, Worthington, Howard, Lovelock, Friess, Hutley, Murdiyarso. 2020. Mangrove blue carbon stocks and dynamics are controlled by hydrogeomorphic setting and land-use change. Global Change Biology 26, 3028-2039. [download]
 
Friess, Yando, Wong, Bhatia. 2020. Indicators of scientific value: an under-recognised ecosystem service of coastal and marine habitats. Ecological Indicators 113, 106255. [download]
 
Friess, Yando, Abuchahla, Adams, Cannicci, Canty, Cavanaugh, Connolly, Cormier, Dahdouh-Guebas, Diele, Feller, Fratini, Jennerjahn, Lee, Ogurcak, Ouyang, Rogers, Rowntree, Sharma, Sloey, Wee. 2020. Mangroves give cause for conservation optimism, for now. Current Biology 30, R153-R154. [download]
 
Wanger, Ainun, Brook, Friess, Oh, Rusdin, Smithers, Tjoa. 2020. Ecosystem-based tsunami mitigation for tropical biodiversity hotspots. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 35, 96-100.
 
Hortua, Friess, Zimmer, Gillis. 2020. Sources of particulate organic matter across mangrove forests and adjacent ecosystems in different geomorphic settings. Wetlands 40, 1047-1059. [download]
 
Sasmito, Kuzyakov, Lubis, Murdiyarso, Hutley, Bachri, Friess, Martius, Borchard. 2020. Organic carbon burial and sources in soils of coastal mudflat and mangrove ecosystems. Catena​ 187, 104414. [download]
 
Cragg, Friess, Gillis, Trevathan-Tackett, Terrett, Watts, Distel, Dupree. 2020. Vascular-plant detritus is a globally significant contributor to marine carbon fluxes and sinks. Annual Review of Marine Science 12, 469-497. [download]
 
 
2019
Friess, Rogers, Lovelock, Krauss, Hamilton, Lee, Lucas, Primavera, Rajkaran, Shi. 2019. The state of the world's mangrove forests: past, present and future. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 44, 89-115. [download]
 
Sasmito, Taillardat, Clendenning, Cameron, Friess, Murdiyarso, Hutley. 2019. Effect of land-use and land-cover change on mangrove blue carbon: a systematic review. Global Change Biology 25, 4291-4302.
 
Macreadie, Anton, Raven, Beaumont, Connolly, Friess et al. 2019. The future of Blue Carbon science. Nature Communications 10, 3998. [download].
 
Van der Stocken, Wee, De Ryck, Vanshoenwinkel, Friess, Dahdouh-Guebas, Simard, Koedam, Webb. 2019. A general framework for propagule dispersal in mangroves. Biological Reviews 94, 1547-1575.
 
Cameron, Hutley, Friess, Brown. 2019. High greenhouse gas emissions mitigation benefits from mangrove rehabilitation in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecosystem Services 40, 101035. [download]
 
Scales, Friess. 2019. Patterns of mangrove forest disturbance and biomass removal due to small-scale harvesting in southwestern Madagascar. Wetlands Ecology and Management 27, 609-625. [download] 
 
Richards, Masoudi, Oh, Yando, Zhang, Friess, Grêt-Regamey, Tan, Edwards. 2019. Global variation in climate, human development, and population density has implications for urban ecosystem services. Sustainability 11, 6200. [download]
 
Taillardat, Ziegler, Friess, Widory, David, Ohte, Nakamura, Evaristo, Thanh-Nho, Truong Van, Marchand. 2019. Nutrient dynamics in mangrove porewater and adjacent tidal creek using nitrate dual-stable isotopes: a new approach to challenge the Outwelling Hypothesis? Marine Chemistry 214, 103662.
 
Vande Velde, Huge, Friess, Koedam, Dahdouh-Guebas. 2019. Stakeholder discourses on urban mangrove conservation and management. Ocean & Coastal Management ​178, 104810.
 
Coleman, Ascher, Bickford, Buchori, Cabanban, Chisholm, Chong, Christie, Clements, dela Cruz, Dressler, Edwards, Francis, Friess, et al. 2019. Top 100 research questions for biodiversity conservation in Southeast Asia. Biological Conservation 234, 211-220.
 
Cameron, Hutley, Friess. 2019. Estimating the full greenhouse gas emissions offset potential and profile between rehabilitating and established mangroves. Science of the Total Environment 665, 419-431. [download]
 
Pham, Yokoya, Bui, Yoshino, Friess. 2019. Remote sensing approaches for monitoring mangrove species, structure and biomass: opportunities and challenges. Remote Sensing​ 11, 230. [download]
 
Curnick, Pettorelli, Amir, Balke, Barbier, Crooks, Dahdouh-Guebas, Duncan, Endsor, Friess, Quarto, Zimmer, Lee. 2019. The value of small mangrove patches. Science 363, 239. [download]
 
Thompson, Friess. 2019. Stakeholder preferences for payments for ecosystem services (PES) versus other environmental management approaches for mangrove forests. Journal of Environmental Management 233, 636-648.
 
​​Cameron, Hutley, Friess, Brown. 2019. Community structure dynamics and carbon stock change of rehabilitated mangrove forests in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecological Applications 29, e01810. [download]
 
Cameron, Hutley, Friess, Munksgaard. 2019. Hydroperiod, soil moisture and bioturbation are critical drivers of greenhouse gas fluxes and vary as a function of landuse change in mangroves of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science of the Total Environment 654, 365-377.
 
Friess. 2019. Where the tallest mangroves are. Nature Geoscience 12, 4-5.
 
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2018
Taillardat, Friess, Lupascu. 2018. Mangrove blue carbon strategies for climate change mitigation are most effective at the national scale. Biology Letters 14, 20180251 [download]
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Scales, Friess, Glass, Ravaoarinorotsihoarana. 2018. Rural livelihoods and mangrove degradation in south-west Madagascar: lime production as an emerging threat. Oryx 52, 641-645. [download]
 
Heery, Browne, Hoeksema, Reimer, Ang, Friess, Huang, Chou, Bauman, Loke, Saksena-Taylor, Alsagoff, Yeemin, Sutthacheep, Vo, Bos, Gumanao, Hussein, Waheed, Lane, Johan, Kunsmann, Jompa, Taira, Todd. 2018. Urban coral reefs of East and Southeast Asia. Marine Pollution Bulletin 135, 654-681. [download]
 
Taillardat, Willemsen, Marchand, Friess, Widory, Baudron, Truong, Nguyen, Ziegler. 2018. Assessing the contribution of porewater discharge in carbon export and CO2 evasion in a mangrove tidal creek (Can Gio, Vietnam). Journal of Hydrology 563, 303-318.
 
Taillardat, Ziegler, Friess, David, Widory, Truong, Nguyen, Marchand. ​2018. Carbon dynamics and inconstant porewater input in a mangrove tidal creek over contrasting seasons and tidal amplitudes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 237, 32-48.
 
Islam, Sunny, Hossain, Friess. 2018. Drivers of mangrove ecosystem service change in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 39, 244-265.

Gaw, Linkie, Friess. 2018. Mangrove forest dynamics in Tanintharyi, Myanmar from 1989-2014, and the role of future economic and political developments. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 39, 224-243.
 
Leong, Friess, Crase, Lee, Webb. 2018. High-resolution pattern of mangrove species distribution is controlled by surface elevation. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 202, 185-192.
 
Thompson, Gillen, Friess. 2018. Challenging the principles of ecotourism: insights from entrepreneurs on environmental and economic sustainability in Langkawi, Malaysia. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 26, 257-276.
 
Hamilton, Friess. 2018. Global carbon stocks and potential emissions due to mangrove deforestation from 2000 to 2012. Nature Climate Change 8, 240-244.
 
 
2017
Friess. 2017. Mangrove rehabilitation along urban coastlines: a Singapore case study. Regional Studies in Marine Science 16, 279-289.
 
Feller, Friess, Krauss, Lewis. 2017. The state of the world's mangroves in the 21st century under climate change. Hydrobiologia 803, 1-12. [download]
 
Friess. 2017. J.G. Watson, Inundation Classes, and their influence on paradigms in mangrove forest ecology. Wetlands ​37, 603-613.
 
Friess. 2017. Singapore as a long-term case study for tropical urban ecosystem services. Urban Ecosystems 20, 277-291.
 
Richards, Friess. 2017. Characterizing coastal ecosystem service trade-offs with future urban development in a tropical city. ​Environmental Management 60, 961-973.​
 
Friess, Jazeel. 2017. Unlearning 'landscape'. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 107, 14-21.
 
Benzeev, Hutchinson, Friess. 2017. Quantifying fisheries ecosystem services of mangroves and tropical urban artificial shorelines. Hydrobiologia​ 803, 225-237.
 
Singh, Friess, Vilela, Alban, Monzon, Veridiano, Tumaneng. 2017. Spatial relationships between above-ground biomass and bird biodiversity in Palawan, Philippines. PLoS ONE 12, e0186742. [download]
 
Sillanpää, Vantellingen, Friess. 2017. Vegetation regeneration in a sustainable harvested mangrove forest in West Papua, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management ​290, 137-146.
 
Thompson, Primavera, Friess. 2017. Governance and implementation challenges for mangrove forest Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): empirical evidence from the Philippines. Ecosystem Services 23, 146-155.
 
Sharma, Nadoaka, Nakoaka, Uy, MacKenzie, Friess, Fortes. 2017. Growth performance and structure of a mangrove afforestation project on a former seagrass bed, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Hydrobiologia 803, 359-371.
 
Oh, Friess, Brown. 2017. The role of surface elevation in the rehabilitation of abandoned aquaculture ponds to mangrove forest, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecological Engineering 100, 325-334.
 
 
2016
Friess, Thompson, Brown, Amir, Cameron, Koldewey, Sasmito, Sidik. 2016. Policy challenges and approaches for the conservation of mangrove forests in Southeast Asia. Conservation Biology 30, 933-949.
 
Richards, Friess. 2016. Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000-2012. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, 344-349. [download]
 
Friess. 2016. Ecosystem services and disservices of mangrove forests: insights from historical colonial observations. Forests 7, 183. [download]
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Friess. 2016. Mangrove forests. Current Biology 36, R746-R748. [download]
 
Friess, Richards, Phang. 2016. Mangrove forests store high densities of carbon across the tropical urban landscape of Singapore. Urban Ecosystems 19, 795-810.
 
Friess, Lee, Primavera. 2016. Turning the tide on mangrove loss: editorial. Marine Pollution Bulletin 109, 673-675.
 
Friess, Oliver, Quak, Lau. 2016. Incorporating "virtual" and "real world" field trips into introductory geography modules. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 40, 546-564.
 
Willemsen, Horstman, Borsje, Friess, Dohmen-Janssen. 2016. Sensitivity of the sediment trapping capacity of an estuarine mangrove forest. Geomorphology 273, 189-201.
 
Terry, Oliver, Friess. 2016. Ancient high-energy storm boulder deposits on Ko Samui, Thailand, and their significance for identifying coastal hazard risk. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 454, 282-293.
 
Singh, Evans, Coomes, Friess, Tan, Nin. 2016. Incorporating canopy cover for airborne-derived assessments of forest biomass in the tropical forests of Cambodia. PLoS ONE 11, e0154307. [download]
 
Ward, Friess, Day, Mackenzie. 2016. Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2, e01211. [download]
 
Sasmito, Murdiyarso, Friess, Kurnianto. 2016. Can mangroves keep pace with contemporary sea level rise? A global data review. Wetlands Ecology and Management 24, 263-278.
​
Balke, Friess. 2016. Geomorphic knowledge for mangrove restoration: a pan-tropical categorization. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 41, 231-239.
 
 
2015
Lovelock, Cahoon, Friess, Guntenspergen, Krauss, Reef, Rogers, Saunders, Sidik, Swales, Saintilan, Thuyen & Triet. 2015. The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea-level rise. Nature 526, 559-563.
 
Friess, Phelps, Garmendia, Gómez-Baggethun. 2015. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) in the face of external biophysical stressors. Global Environmental Change 30, 31-42.
 
Phang, Chou, Friess. 2015. Ecosystem carbon stocks across a tropical intertidal habitat mosaic of mangrove forest, seagrass meadow, mudflat and sandbar. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 40, 1387-1400.
 
Thiagarajah, Wong, Richards, Friess. 2015. Historical and contemporary cultural ecosystem service values in the rapidly urbanizing city state of Singapore. Ambio 44, 666-677.
 
Singh, Evans, Friess, Tan, Nin. 2015. Mapping Above-Ground Biomass in a tropical forest in Cambodia using canopy textures derived from Google Earth. Remote Sensing 7, 5057-5076. [download]
 
Gillen, Ziegler, Friess, Wasson. 2015. Geography's role in nurturing postgraduate students. The Geographical Journal 181, 427-431.
 
Richards, Friess. 2015. A rapid indicator of cultural ecosystem service usage at a fine spatial scale: content analysis of social media photographs. Ecological Indicators 53, 187-195.
 
 
2014
Friess, Webb. 2014. Variability in mangrove change estimates and implications for the assessment of ecosystem service provision. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23, 715-725.
 
Friess, Möller, Spencer, Smith, Thomson, Hill. 2014. Coastal saltmarsh managed realignment drives rapid breach inlet and external creek evolution, Freiston Shore (UK). Geomorphology 208, 22-33.
 
Webb, Jachowski, Phelps, Friess, Than, Ziegler. 2014. Deforestation in the Ayeyarwady Delta and the conservation implications of an internationally-engaged Myanmar. Global Environmental Change 24, 321-333.
 
Ziegler, Terry, Oliver, Friess, Chuah, Chow, Wasson. 2014. Increasing Singapore's resilience to drought. Hydrological Processes 28, 4543-4548.
 
​
2013
Webb, Friess, Krauss, Cahoon, Guntenspergen, Phelps. 2013. A global standard for monitoring coastal wetland vulnerability to accelerated sea level rise. Nature Climate Change 3, 458-465. [download]
 
Friess. 2013. Tropical wetlands and REDD+: three unique scientific challenges for policy. International Journal of Rural Law and Policy 2013, 68-73. [download]
 
Jachowski, Quak, Friess, Duangnamon, Webb, Ziegler. 2013. Mangrove biomass estimation in Southwest Thailand using machine learning. Applied Geography 45, 311-321.
 
 
2012
Friess, Krauss, Horstman, Balke, Bouma, Galli, Webb. 2012. Are all intertidal wetlands naturally created equal? Bottlenecks, thresholds and knowledge gaps to mangrove and saltmarsh ecosystems. Biological Reviews 87, 346-366.
 
Friess, Spencer, Smith, Möller, Brooks, Thomson. 2012. Remote sensing of geomorphological and ecological change in response to saltmarsh managed realignment, The Wash, UK. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 18, 57-68.
 
Friess, Phelps, Leong, Lee, Wee, Sivasothi, Oh, Webb. 2012. Mandai mangrove, Singapore: lessons for the conservation of Southeast Asia's mangroves. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology S25, 55-65. [download]
 
Webb, Phelps, Friess, Rao, Ziegler. 2012. Environment-friendly reform in Myanmar. Science 336, 295. [download]
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Phelps, Friess, Webb. 2012. Win-win REDD+ approaches belie carbon-biodiversity trade-offs. Biological Conservation 154, 53-60.
 
Spencer, Friess, Möller, Brown, Garbutt, French. 2012. Surface elevation change in natural and re-created intertidal habitats, eastern England, UK, with particular reference to Freiston Shore. Wetlands Ecology and Management 20, 9-33.
 
 
2011
Friess, Webb. 2011. Bad data equals bad policy: how to trust rates of ecosystem loss when there is so much uncertainty? Environmental Conservation 38, 1-5.
 
Friess, Kudavidanage, Webb. 2011. The digital globe is our oyster. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9, 542. [download]
 
Krauss, Friess. 2011. Review of the World Atlas of Mangroves. Wetlands 35, 1003-1005.
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​
Government reports, working papers
​​Friess, Suárez, Armitage, Doughty, Feher, Feller, Fierro, Radabaugh, Simpson, Vervaeke, Zamora-Tovar. 2024. Mangroves of the Warm Temperate Northwest Atlantic. IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Assessments. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
 
Macintosh, Suárez, Aung, Friess, Lee, Hossain, Nightingale, Valderrábano. 2023. Mangroves of the Bay of Bengal. IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Assessments. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
 
Macintosh, Suárez, Aung, Friess, Nightingale, Valderrábano. 2023. Mangroves of the Andaman. IUCN Red List of Ecosystems Assessments. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
 
Friess, Bhargava, Librero-Blancos. 2022. The magic of mangroves – a key nature-based solution for coastal communities. In: Living Planet Report 2022. World Wildlife Fund. [download]
 
Kelly, Friess, Huxham, McGowan, Drewer, Koh, Zeng, Lechner, Lee, Evans, Evers, Sancho, Varkkey, Anshari, Jaya, Chong, Page, Mishra, Sjögersten. 2021. Nature-based solutions for climate change mitigation: challenges and opportunities for the ASEAN region. Report for COP26 on behalf of the Singapore High Commission, United Kingdom Government. 36p. 
[download]
 
Spalding, Leal, et al. 2021. The State of the World's Mangroves 2021. Global Mangrove Alliance. 41p. [download]
 
Raghav, Siman, Gross, Wu, Zeng, Comstock, Zhang, Yoshioka, Kanakasabai, Prakash, Howard, Roopsind, Sarira, Carrasco, Koenig, Schoenberg, Tabor, Griscom, Uraguchi, Kalla, Roy, Ramachandra, Friess, Koh. 2020. The Business Case for Natural Climate Solutions: Insights and Opportunities for Southeast Asia. Temasek Foundation. 108p. [download]
 
2019 Preliminary site survey of Kulhudhuffushi mangroves. Report on behalf of the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Maldives. [download]
 
Sasmito, Taillardat, Clendenning, Friess, Murdiyarso, Hutley. 2016. Carbon stocks and fluxes associated with land-use and land-cover change in mangrove ecosystems: a systematic review protocol. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Working Paper 211. 24p. [download]
 
van Bochove et al. 2014. The Importance of Mangroves to People: a Call to Action. United Nations Environment Programme [contributor to Chapter 5]. 128p.  [download]​
 
Gardiner, Hanson, Nicholls, Spencer, Friess. 2008. Coastal habitats, MCCIP Annual Report Card 2007–2008 Scientific Review. Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership. [download]​ 


Book chapters
Friess, Adams, Andradi-Brown, Bhargava. Carrasco, Dahdouh-Guebas, Heck, Herr, Kodikara, Michie, Shribman, Sillanpää, Slobodian, Su, Taira, Uddin, Wodehouse. 2024. Mangrove forests: their status, threats, conservation and restoration. Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science 2nd Ed.
 
Friess, Chen, Cormier, Krauss, Lovelock, Rogers, Raw, Saintilan, Sidik. 2023. Mangrove forests and climate change: impacts and interactions. In: Kennish, Paerl & Crosswell (Eds). Climate Change and Estuaries. CRC Press
 
Friess, McKee. 2020. The history of surface-elevation paradigms in mangrove biogeomorphology. In: Sidik & Friess (Eds). Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts. Elsevier.
 
Friess, Sidik. 2020. Conclusions. In: Sidik & Friess (Eds). Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts. Elsevier.

Sidik, Friess. 2020. Introduction. In: Sidik & Friess (Eds). Dynamic Sedimentary Environments of Mangrove Coasts. Elsevier.

Friess. 2020. Mangroves as a climate solution. One Earth 2, 387-389. [download]
​
Friess, Aung, Huxham, Lovelock, Mukherjee, Sasmito. 2019. SDG14: Life below water - impacts on mangroves. In: Sustainable Development Goals: their Impacts on Forests and People. Cambridge University Press, pgs 445-481. [download]
 
Primavera, Friess, van Lavieren, Lee. 2018. The mangrove ecosystem. In: World Seas: an Environmental Evaluation. ​Academic Press.
 
Lovelock, Friess, Kauffman, Fourqurean. 2018. Human impacts on blue carbon ecosystems. In: A Blue Carbon Primer. CDC Press.
 
Friess. 2017. "Mangroves". In: Oxford Bibliographies in Environmental Science. Ed. Ellen Wohl. Oxford University Press.​​
 
Friess. 2017. Ecotourism as a tool for mangrove conservation. Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 1, 24-35. [download]
 
Friess, Thompson. 2016. Mangrove Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): a viable funding mechanism for Disaster Risk Reduction? In: Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation: Linking Science, Policy and Practice. Springer.
 
Friess. 2015. Managing Southeast Asian ecosystems to reduce coastal population vulnerability under sea level rise. In: Koh et al. (eds). Climate Change Adaptation: ASEAN and Comparative Experiences. World Scientific.
 
Friess. 2014. Biophysical thresholds to mangrove establishment. In: Lewis & Brown (eds). Ecological Mangrove Restoration: a Field Manual for Practitioners. Oxfam, Canadian International Development Agency. [download]
 
Chan, Friess, Terry, Mitchell. 2014. Impacts of climate change: challenges of flooding in coastal East Asia. In: Harris & Lang (eds). Handbook of Environment and Society in East Asia. Routledge. [download]
 
Friess, Lacambra. 2013. El uso de LiDAR para la elaboración de mapas y modelos de amenazas naturales en zonas costeras [the use of LiDAR to map and model natural hazards in the coastal zone]. In: Alcantara (ed). Métodos en Teledetección Aplicada a la Prevención de Riesgos Naturales en el Litoral. [in Spanish, email me for an English version]  [download]
 
Lacambra, Friess, Spencer, Möller. 2013. Bioshields: mangroves as a resilient coastal defence. In: Renaud, Sudmeier-Rieux & Estrella (eds). The Role of Ecosystems in Disaster Risk Reduction. United Nations University Press. Pgs 82-108. [download]
 
Friess, Lee. 2012. Sundarban mangroves. In: Biomes and Ecosystems: an Encyclopedia. Golsen Press.
 
Friess, Möller, Spencer. 2008. Managed realignment and the re-establishment of saltmarsh habitat, Freiston Shore, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom. In: ProAct Network, The Role of Environmental Management and Eco-Engineering in Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation. ProAct Network/UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. 124p. [download]